Perisoope with entrance and deflection prism



J. HUMBRECHT ET AL PERISGOPE WITH ENTRANCE AND DEFLECTION PRISM Marh 17,1925.

Filed Aug. 23. 1921. 2 sheets-sheet 1 Inventors March 17, 1925.

J. HUMBRECHT ET AL YERISCOPE WITH ENTRANCE AND D EFLECTION PRISM 2Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 23. 1921 Figli.

VInventors M #LLM/M l ff;

figgA f Patented Mar. 17, 1925.

UNITED f S TAT ES' ENT OFFICE JULES HUMBRECHT, OF FRIEDENAU," NEARBERLIN, ANDHIGNATZ PECHAN, 0F STEG- L'ITZ, NEAR BERLIN; GERMANY,ASSIGNORS T0 THE FIRM OF OPTISCHE ANSTALT C. P. GOERZAKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF FRIEDENAU, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY.

PERISOPE WITHV ENTRANCEAND :DIEZFLIECJ'L"ION' PRISM.

Application led August 23, 1921. Serial 160,494,499.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS 0F THE -ACT 0F MARCH 3, 1921, 4:1y STAT.L., 1313.)

3e it known that we, JULES H'Unnnnclrr, a citizen ofi the GernnrnRepublic, andresident, of Friedenau, near Berlin, Germany, and IGNATZPEG'HAN, a. citizen ot lthe Austrian Re-p1 iblic, and residentJ ofSteglitz, near Berlin., (irermany, have. invented certain new and usefulImprovements in and Relating to rPeriscopes with .lilntrances andDeflection Prisms, of which the. following is a specification (torwhiehpatentapp1ications have been filed in (l ermany, February 25,.1916; Austria,,BledA December 13, 1917.; l'lungary, `filed December 31,.19.17 l

rlhisinventiim .relates to a..periseope, particularly for submarines,...of; that kind which.permits observation notonly in substantiallyhorizontal direction but also vin a;

direction.towards objects waving in the air, such as laircrafts.:Periscopes of this kind. are provided `.with an: entrance reflectorroteiablc about an axis transversely to the main tube ot' theinstrument.y

T he inventionconsists in the construction of' a ,pe-riscope. of lthiskind with changeable` that it receives the rays coming frornthe.

entrance rciecl'or and emits same after double reflection inv theydirection. of the mainr tube of the instrument.

Further objects ot'theinrention andconstructional means for securingsame will appear frointhe following specifica-tion with reference to theannexed drawings.

Figi. 1 shows an axial sectionthroughs.the

upper end of a periscope in` accordance with.

the `inrentien and illustrates theoptical elements of. the instrumentwith omission of the` main part ot' the mechanical/means for adjustment.

Eig. Q shows a. longitudinal. section throughthe upper enel` of theinstrument casing with. the mechanical-.means for adjustment with.omission of themaln part of the optical.. elements, and indicating someotzthnm in elevation.

Fig. 3 is a sectional View of an adjust ing device for one of theoptical elements.`

Figs -il and ."5 show the construction of the operatinghandle near theocular of the ins'tri'lmentin elevation and partly in section.

The. upper end of the periscope is designated with the `numeral 1. Theinstrument casing is made watertight at its upper end by :i plain glass,plate which is arranged inclined to the. tube 1. The light entrancereflector is tormet by a. righty angled` triangular prism 3. Thedeviation prism which inA accordance with the. invention is arrangedbehind the light entrance reflector is designated 4. In front of thisdeviation prism: an additional prism 5 is provided leaving a thinlayerot' air between it and the deviation prism., The purpose of thisadditional prism` consists in securing. the: entrance ofthe axial rayinto the glass. body at rightangles. to the entrance surface. The: tworeflecting snrliaces of the deflection prism l are designated G, 7 .onepart of thc surface'f being as Well the entrance surface for the lightas a. reflection surface against which. the lighty isfthrow'n after reficction fronithe Jfurther reflecting surface 7 and from which it isthereafter again reiected. The numeral 8 designates the oh. jectire forhigh magnification, said vobjective forming at the saine time. anelement of the objective for low magnification, the two other elements`ofi this objective for low magnication beingV designated 9 and 10. Thelenses 9 and 10` canE be at will inserted into the path otthe raysand'brought out of theV path of the` rays, whereas the objective 8 isarranged .in fixed position. 11 des-v ignates a collectingylens havingits plain backside lying in the first image planenot' the instrument,such. image plane being oommon to hotltobjective systems. The imagereif'ersing systemzand ocular may have any desired form. The'ocularcasing is indicated only in Fig. 1 of the drawing and designated withvthe numeralA 12.

The actuationfi as wellof the entrance r llectcn as ot the lenses 9,10`is effected by two toothedy racks 13, 14 which by coupling members 15,16. are connected to racks 17, 18 `provided at the lower end ofthe'instru.- meut. The racks 13, 14 are in; mesh with a pinion 19 on' ashaft 2O which is provided at the end opposite the end carrying thepinion 19 with a crank 21 rwhich by av link 22 is connected with therotatingv 'entrance 're-Hector 3 lia-ving its pivot at 23. 24designate-s a toothed segment mounted on shaft 2O laterally of pinion19, said segment j adapted to come in meshk with a toothed lens element9 of the objective.

' ment 10 of the objective for low magnificaiack 25 provided on thecarrying member of the lens element 9. Formed inone piece with thetoothed segmentv 24 is a circular` segmentf26 wliichis shown vin Fig. 3as resting in an arch-.shaped cut 27 of the body of rack 25. rl`fliecircula-i. segment 26 locks lthe ".tootlied rack 25 iii position as longtion'is mounted in a rotatable body 28 having its pivot at 29, vtherotatable carrier 28' of theA lens element 10 is provided with anangular slot 30 forming a guide for a pin 31 fixed to rack 13.ly.On'raising' and loweringof rack 13' a pin31 moves in one branch of theangular slot 30, sov .that the. rotatable Y body 28 with the -lens 10isfnot affected-'by such raising 'and lowering.,r of rack 13, but is onthe contraryv locked in position. Dur-` ing the movement of pin 31within slot 30 the circular segment 26 locks the rack member 25, so thatthe lens elements 10 and 9 are locked yin position at the saine time. On

f arriving of pin 31 at the .edge32 of the angular slot 30 the rotatablebody 28 is rotated Vtill the branch of the angular slot 30 which was invhorizontal position is brought to vertical position. If now rack 13 isfurtherrased, pin 31 is displacedv witli-in this partof the angular slot30. During this I period of Amovement'the toothed sector 24 f is in meshwith, rack 25 Vand p-roduces a displacement :of the lens element 9. Suchdisplacement continues ltill the ycircular segment 26 yenters thearch-shaped cut 27a of rack member 25. i

42'is an arc-shaped slot 4within the rotatable body 28 and 43 afixed pinentering l said slot 42, suoli pin limiting the rotativev 'movementofthe rotatable body 28. The

actuation of racks 13, 14 and 17, 18 is effected by ahaiidle 33 providedat the ocular end of the instrument, said handle being inountedonarotatable shaft34. Shaft 34 provided with teeth 35 in mesh with altoothed wheel 36 adapted to actuate the racks 17, 18. Therefore, onrotating the handle 33 about shaft 34a-n actuation of ri f 1,530,081l

racks 13, 14 takes place'in such a manner -that each time one rack israised simultaneously with the lowering of the other rack. A y

The ai'raiigementis conveniently nrade in vthis way, that the directionof the handle 33`coincides with the direction of vision oftlieinstrument. `The handle 33 is mounted on av core 37 in the form of atoothed rack slidable in a socket 38.

rlleeth 39 of core 37 are iii mesh with teeth 40 on shaft 34. Adisplacement ofthecore 37 within the socket 38, therefore, producesarotation of shaft 34 and consequently an .operation of racks 17, 18,13,14. The dimensions of -the several parts are so calculated that bymoving the handle 33 with the core 37 within the sockety 38 from one endposition to the other, the lenses 9, 10 'are transported fromrestposition to operative position, so that siichendwise movement of the 'jhandle effects a'change in' magnification, whereas the. rotationofliaiidle 33 with socket38 controls the adjustment `of the entrancereflector.V 41 designates a locking pin for `the core 37 limiting asliding movement in the two opposite directions.

" 'The' operation ofthe instrument as a ywhole is as follows:

f Assuming observation is to be miade with low magnilication, thenthelens elements 9,

`10 of the objective system are brought into the. position appearingfrom the drawing. By rotating thehandle 33' with the socket 38v aboutshaft 34 the `instrumentis adjusted into the desired direction ofvision. If now a change in magnification shall take place theliandle33is moved in longitudinal direction, so that the core 37 is brought fromone end position within socket 38 to the other ,end position. Duringsuch movement the entrance reflectorv3 makes a full up and down swingingand atft'he end'of this movement is again inthe same position as at thebeginning'. If thecore 37 is returned to its yoriginal position themagnification of thev instrument is again changed and all parts of theinstrument are returned to their original position.

'Instead of effecting the adjusting movements rbyfmoving the'handle 33in longitudinal direction. and by rotation of same about shaft 34. thelongitudinal movement could be substituted by a rotation of Athe handleabout'the axis Iof core 37. s

The arrangement of the fixed lobjective y8 behind the deviation prism4is of special advantage in so far'that it lallows topposition the firstimage plane, which is common ,to both obj eotive systems, atconsiderable distance from the'light entrance endy of thev instrument.This is important for securing a1 comparatively smalll `diameter .forthev light entrance end of. the instrument till a considerable distancefroml plate 2,

1, cados i;

owing., to the' fact that thel bulli-1 ofthe'.

rays broadens itselfy laterally behind' the` image planell, .sothatiitrbecomes necessary` tobroaden also the instrument tube behind theimage plane 1l.

' ment:inserted4 in the path ot. the raysfcoxnev ing; from the entrancereflector said last:`

named prism` adapted 4to deflect: the rays-inrfv pinginp. thereonA bytwo successive` reflections into the direction; of themain tube ofi theinstrument.

2; In` :1 periscope particularly for subma-A rines, al light entrancereflector: rotatable. about an. i axis -transversely tozatlreimainfitnbes of the instrument, a prisnrdevi'ce insented.

insthe path of rays vbehindthietelrtrance reflector consisting. of a.'main: dexi'intioni prism. provided wit-hi two reflecting;A surfaces, oneoft them formingta` lightentnmncef surf face' of the prismand'an.Ladditional.prima;` ini front ot' said entrance surface ot: the`main prism. so shaped and lmsitioatedthat lits entrance surface is atrightangles to the axial .rafy Vof' the instrumentd 3. A periscopeparticularly for sabina-1- rmes comprising a tube shapedcasmg conYtaining theoptical` elements off the instru-4 ment, said casing closedaty the lightV en trance end by a'plane transparent plate=-1n-- clinedtothe axis of? said tube, an objec# tive firmly' mounted withinsaidinntrument tube'and a prismfdewice positioned4 between; saidinclined transparenty plate a'nd.Y smidrv fixedly mounted objective,said prism device comprising a4 light. entrance rellector rotatableaboutian axis transversely to the axis of the instrument tube and so;positioned that a` section made through the instrument at right anglesto its wxis containing the axis ol the rotatable reflector crosses theaxis of the instrument tube between said reflector axis and vsaidinclined transparent plate.

4. In a periscope particularly for submarines, a light entrancereflector rotatable about an axis transversely to the main tube of theinstrument, a deviation prism behind said rotatable entrance reflectoradapted to deflect the rays impigning thereon into the axial directionof the instrument tube, objective systems for different magnification,the objective device for the lower magnification comprising a negativeelement removably positioned between the rotatable entrance reflectorand the deviation prism.

5. In a periscope particularly for submarines, a light entrancereflector rotatable about an axis transversely to the main tube of theinstrument, a deviation prism behind said 'rotatable entrancereflector.y adapted to defleetthe rays impigning' thereon; into thilaxial direction; ot the instrumenttube,ob ject'ivey systems fordifferentI magnification, the-objective device for thelowersmagnification comprising-3a negative element re,- movablyvpositioned between the rotatable `entrance reflector' and theA deviationprism,

thefiobjective for thehiglglen magnification firmly mounted: behind thedeviation prieur.,

6i Inf` a periscope particularly' for submarines, ailightentrancereflector' rotatable about an axistransversel-y to the main tu-bcvofthe-1 mstrumena deviation prism behind;v

saidv rotntable'entrance reflector, objective systems for differentmagnification, and a.

guide-Way'between thev rotatable entrance reflecbosz and thevdeviation;` prism, the: ob-

jective device for thelower magnification.

comprising'a negative element-slidably arranged" on f said `gnide+-wayand. adaptedato be at. will inserted intothe pathv4 of the raysannlmemoved. thel'eIfOm'- Ti In. a periscope particularly for sub-` marines, a. light L entrance reflector rotatable; i

about anaxis transversely tothe: main tube ofxth'e instrument,a:deviation` prisinbclrind said rotatable entrance. reflectorandwairac.- tuatimg crank shaft,- a.. pinion thereon meshing with said`toothed: rack andA a link connecting.

saidl crank shaft With said entrance re.- Hector.y

8.= ,In.l a periscope particularly forA submarines, a i lightentrance-reflector rotatable about` an@ axis transversely to the `maintube f of the instrument, a f deviation `prism behind- Saidrotatableentrance reflectoi, objective systemssfomrdiferentmagnification and comprisingelementsaadanted to be inserted into thepath off the` raysy and` to be removed therefrom and anaactuating;device. fori-said entrance reector and f movable object ,ela sselements;,sairl-1 actuating; device comprisingl at least one toothedrack in operative connection as well with, the entrance reflector aswith the movable lens elements, the connection with the movable lenselements being ot such kind that a reversal of the lens positions isonly effected on a full Working stroke of the rack.

device for said entrance reflector con'1pr1smg at least onel toothedracine, ay

Cal

'llo

tive lens .comprising at least one toothed rack in operative connectionwith the rotatable entrance reflector, and a toothed segment adapted tomesh at predetermined positions with the rackconnected to the slid-.-

able negative lens element.

10. In a` periscope particularlyI for submarines,l a light entrancereflector rotatable aboutan axistransversely to the main tube of theinstrument, a deviation prism behind said-rotatable entrance reflector,objective systems for different magnification, the objective device forthe lowermagnification comprising a negative element, a guide-way forsame, said guide-way arranged between the rotatable entrance reflectorand the de-` viation prism, a toothed rack slidable with the lens, anactuating device for said rotatable entrance reflector, a slidablenegative lens comprising at least one toothedv rack in operativeconnection with the rotatable entrance reflectonand a toothed segmentadapted to mesh at'predetern'iined positions with the rack connectedftothe slidable negative lens element, a locking device for', the slidablenegative. lens being' pro-k vided adapted to lock it at both its endposi tions, said Y locking device comprising an larcuate segment adaptedto enter in arcuate cuts of the lens carrier.

ll. In a periscope particularly for submarines, a light entrancereflector rotatable about. an axis transversely to the main tube of theinstrument, a deviation prism behind said rotatable entrance reflector,objective systems for different magnification, theobjective devicescomprising a slidable `negative lensfelement, a fixed lens element andva rotatable lenslelement, a guide-way for the slidable lens elementpositioned betweenl the rotatable entrance reflector 'and the defviation prism and a rotatable lens element, an actuating device for saidrotatable entrance reflectorand movable lens elements, comprising atoothed rack in operative oo nnection with said rotatable entrancereflector and movable lens elements, the connec-v tion with thelrotatable lens element being effected by a pin ron the actuating rackWorking iny an angular'slot of the rotatable lens element and locking itin position while the angular slot but giving it a rotation of'definiteangular Width on passing from one lateral branch of the slot to theother.

l2. In a periscope particularly for submarines, a light entrancereflector. rotatable about anaxis transversely to the main tube I movingin yeach of the lateral branches of v of the instrument, a deviationprism behind said rotatable entrance reflector, objective systems fordifferent magnification and comprising elements adapted to be inserted iinto the path of the rays and to be removed therefrom and an actuatingdevice for said entrance reflector and movable object glass elements,said actuating device comprising a slidable toothed rack in permanentoperative connection with the entrance re-v axis transversely to thea-xisof the instrul ment tube, the transmission of the gear being socalculated that lthe position of lthe lhandle-permanently indicates theactual direction of vision ofthe instrument.

a In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in theypresence of two subscribing witnesses.

. IGNATZ PECHAN.

l/Vitnesses: y

HERMANN REISING, JOHANN TRoYKoW.

`JULES HMBRECHT.

